Constipation During Pregnancy and Post Birth

Constipation is a common concern during pregnancy and the postpartum period, affecting many women worldwide. As a pregnancy and parenting consultant with over 20 years of experience, I have encountered numerous cases where expectant and new mothers struggle with this discomfort. In this article, we will explore the causes of constipation during and after pregnancy, potential complications, natural remedies, the use of laxatives, and additional suggestions to alleviate this condition.

Understanding Constipation

Constipation refers to infrequent, difficult, or painful bowel movements, often resulting in hard and dry stools. During pregnancy, hormonal changes, dietary adjustments, and physical inactivity can contribute to this condition. Postpartum constipation may arise due to factors such as perineal discomfort, haemorrhoids, or the lingering effects of pregnancy hormones.

Causes of Constipation During Pregnancy

Several factors can lead to constipation during pregnancy:

Hormonal Changes: Increased levels of progesterone relax the muscles of the digestive tract, slowing down bowel movements.
Dietary Factors: Inadequate fibre intake and insufficient fluid consumption can contribute to constipation.
Iron Supplements: Iron supplements, commonly prescribed during pregnancy, can harden stools and exacerbate constipation.
Reduced Physical Activity: Decreased mobility, especially in later stages of pregnancy, can slow down the digestive system.

Potential Complications of Constipation During Pregnancy

While constipation itself is uncomfortable, it can lead to further complications if not addressed:

Haemorrhoids: Straining during bowel movements can cause or worsen haemorrhoids, leading to pain and bleeding.
Anal Fissures: Hard stools can cause small tears in the anus, resulting in pain and discomfort.
Pelvic Floor Issues: Chronic straining may weaken pelvic floor muscles, potentially leading to incontinence issues postpartum.

Causes of Constipation After Birth

Postpartum constipation can be attributed to:

Perineal Discomfort: Pain from episiotomies, tears, or haemorrhoids can make women hesitant to pass stools.
Hormonal Adjustments: The body’s hormonal balance is shifting back to its pre-pregnancy state, which can affect bowel movements.
Iron Supplements: Continued use of iron supplements after delivery can contribute to constipation.
Reduced Physical Activity: Recovery from childbirth may limit mobility, impacting digestion.

Natural Remedies for Constipation

Addressing constipation naturally is often the first line of defense:

Increase Fibre Intake: Aim for 25 to 30 grams of dietary fibre daily. Incorporate foods like fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and bran cereals into your diet.
Stay Hydrated: Drink at least eight to ten large glasses of fluids daily to help keep stools soft.
Regular Exercise: Engage in moderate physical activity, such as walking or prenatal yoga, for 20 to 30 minutes three times a week to stimulate bowel movements.
Establish a Routine: Respond promptly to the urge to defecate to prevent stool from becoming harder.
Warm Liquids: Drinking a warm beverage in the morning can stimulate bowel movements.
Prunes and Prune Juice: Prunes act as a natural laxative and can be effective in relieving constipation.

Use of Laxatives

If lifestyle and dietary changes do not alleviate constipation, laxatives may be considered. However, it is imperative to consult a healthcare provider before using any laxatives during pregnancy or postpartum, as some may not be safe. Laxatives should only be taken if prescribed by a doctor.

Risks of Laxative Dependence

Over-reliance on laxatives can lead to:

Electrolyte Imbalances: Some laxatives can cause dehydration and disrupt essential mineral balances.
Reduced Bowel Function: Chronic use may weaken the bowel’s natural ability to contract, leading to dependency.
Potential Interactions: Laxatives can interfere with the absorption of certain medications and nutrients.

Additional Suggestions

Pelvic Floor Exercises: Strengthening pelvic muscles can aid in bowel movements and reduce the risk of incontinence.
Mindful Eating: Chew food thoroughly and eat smaller, more frequent meals to aid digestion.
Monitor Iron Intake: Discuss with your healthcare provider about adjusting iron supplementation if it contributes to constipation.
Probiotics: Incorporating probiotic-rich foods like yogurt or kefir may promote gut health and regularity.

Constipation during and after pregnancy is a common but manageable condition. By adopting healthy dietary habits, staying hydrated, engaging in regular physical activity, and consulting healthcare providers when necessary, women can effectively alleviate and prevent constipation.

Pregnancy Diet and Pregnancy Exercise play a very crucial role in keeping constipation at bay. Book a personalised nutrition consult today.

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